Improving Access and Equity in Global Healthcare Systems: Comparing the Operational Insights from Nigeria and the United Kingdom

Access to equitable healthcare remains a critical concern in both developed and developing nations, with disparities driven by socioeconomic, infrastructural, and policy-related factors. This paper employs a qualitative methodology using secondary data to conduct a comparative analysis of healthcare access and equity in Nigeria and the United Kingdom (UK), assessing existing literature and national health databases to identify operational strengths and systemic challenges. The study explores healthcare financing, policy implementation, workforce distribution, and the integration of technology in service delivery. Despite extensive research on healthcare systems, there remains a lack of long-term evaluations of policy effectiveness, particularly in assessing the sustained impact of healthcare financing models, digital health interventions, and regulatory frameworks in both countries. Findings reveal that while Nigeria faces significant structural and financial constraints, the UK's National Health Service (NHS) contends with sustainability and health inequities among marginalized populations. The analysis highlights the importance of sustainable funding mechanisms, regulatory oversight, and innovative health technologies in bridging healthcare gaps. By drawing on the experiences of both nations, this paper provides actionable insights for policymakers and healthcare stakeholders to enhance universal health coverage (UHC) and promote equitable health outcomes globally.